Effect of grain‐scale pressure variations on garnet growth: a numerical approach          下载免费PDF全文

X. Zhong  J.C. Vrijmoed  L. Tajčmanová 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2017,35(1):19-33

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渤海湾表层沉积物元素地球化学分布特征与影响因素     

张连杰  朱龙海  张盼  赵博  王鹏 《海洋科学》2019,43(6):78-87

对取自渤海湾的307个表层沉积物进行了元素测试和粒度分析。渤海湾表层沉积物的常微量元素呈现4种组合:富集于粗粒沉积区的SiO_2、Na_2O亲碎屑元素组合;富集于细粒沉积区的以Al_2O_3和重金属元素为代表的亲黏土元素组合;与缺氧环境有关的MnO、V、TOC元素组合和与河流输入有关的陆源CaO、TiO_2元素组合。粒度粗细主导了渤海湾元素含量分布的整体格局;海域河流物源供应不同较大影响了渤海湾南部(富Na_2O、CaO和SiO_2)和北部(富Ba和P_2O_5)在元素含量上的差异;高流速潮流对海底的冲刷再分配导致曹妃甸南侧Sr、Ca元素的条带状富集异常;有机质在细粒沉积区的富集导致缺氧环境的形成和K_2O、Mn、V、自生黄铁矿的海洋自生化学沉积;人类活动导致以Pb为代表的重金属污染在河流入海口、港口及沿岸海域的元素分布异常;曹妃甸沙坝内侧的泻湖(海洋钙质生物沉积)与沙坝外侧水下岸坡(陆源碎屑沉积)的截然不同的物源,导致了独特地貌沉积环境下元素分布的局部差异。  相似文献   

A numerical study of mechanical behavior of a cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching          下载免费PDF全文

Y. Jia  H.B. Bian  S.Y. Xie  N. Burlion  J.F. Shao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(18):1848-1869

Based on relevant experimental data of a petroleum cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching, an elastic‐plastic model is first proposed by taking into account plastic shearing and pore collapse. The degradation of mechanical properties induced by the chemical leaching is characterized by a chemical damage variable which is defined as the increase of porosity. Both elastic and plastic properties of the cement paste are affected by the chemical damage. The proposed model is calibrated from and applied to describe mechanical responses in triaxial compression tests respectively on sound and fully leached samples. In the second part, a phenomenological chemical model is defined to establish the relationship between porosity change and calcium dissolution process. The dissolution kinetics is governed by a diffusion law taking into account the variation of diffusion coefficient with calcium concentration. The chemical model is coupled with the mechanical model, and both are applied to describe mechanical response of cement paste samples subjected to progressive chemical leaching and compressive stresses. Comparisons between experimental data and numerical results are presented.  相似文献   

Using monazite and zircon petrochronology to constrain the P–T–t evolution of the middle crust in the Bhutan Himalaya          下载免费PDF全文

D. Regis  C. J. Warren  C. M. Mottram  N. M. W. Roberts 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2016,34(6):617-639

The growth and dissolution behaviour of accessory phases (and especially those of geochronological interest) in metamorphosed pelites depends on, among others, the bulk composition, the prograde metamorphic evolution and the cooling path. Monazite and zircon are arguably the most commonly used geochronometers for dating felsic metamorphic rocks, yet crystal growth mechanisms as a function of rock composition, pressure and temperature are still incompletely understood. Ages of different growth zones in zircon and monazite in a garnet‐bearing anatectic metapelite from the Greater Himalayan Sequence in NW Bhutan were investigated via a combination of thermodynamic modelling, microtextural data and interpretation of trace‐element chemical ‘fingerprint’ indicators in order to link them to the metamorphic stage at which they crystallized. Differences in the trace‐element composition (HREE, Y, Eu_N/Eu*_N) of different phases were used to track the growth/dissolution of major (e.g. plagioclase, garnet) and accessory phases (e.g. monazite, zircon, xenotime, allanite). Taken together, these data constrain multiple pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) points from low temperature (<550 °C) to upper amphibolite facies (partial melting, >700 °C) conditions. The results suggest that the metapelite experienced a cryptic early metamorphic stage at c. 38 Ma at <550 °C, ≥0.85 GPa during which plagioclase was probably absent. This was followed by a prolonged high‐T, medium‐pressure (~600 °C, 0.55 GPa) evolution at 35–29 Ma during which the garnet grew, and subsequent partial melting at >690 °C and >18 Ma. Our data confirm that both geochronometers can crystallize independently at different times along the same P–T path and that neither monazite nor zircon necessarily provides timing constraints on ‘peak’ metamorphism. Therefore, collecting monazite and zircon ages as well as major and trace‐element data from major and accessory phases in the same sample is essential for reconstructing the most coherent metamorphic P–T–t evolution and thus for robustly constraining the rates and timescales of metamorphic cycles.  相似文献   

Dissolved organic matter in surface runoff in the Loess Plateau of China: The role of rainfall events and land-use     

Zhongwu Li  Hao Peng  Binggeng Xie  Chun Liu  Xiaodong Nie  Danyang Wang  Mei Huang  Haibing Xiao  Lin Shi  Xuqin Zhang  Jieyu Jiang 《水文研究》2020,34(6):1446-1459

Exploring the chemical characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is important for understanding the fate of laterally transported organic matter in watersheds. We hypothesized that differences in water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soils of varying land uses and rainfall events may significantly affect the quality and the quantity of stream DOM. To test our hypotheses, characteristics of rainfall-runoff DOM and WEOM of source materials (topsoil from different land uses and gullies, as well as typical vegetation) were investigated at two adjacent catchments in the Loess Plateau of China, using ultraviolet–visible absorbance and excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results indicated that land-use types may significantly affect the chemical composition of soil WEOM, including its aromaticity, molecular weight, and degree of humification. The PARAFAC analysis demonstrated that the soils and stream water were dominated by terrestrial/allochthonous humic-like substances and microbial transformable humic-like fluorophores. Shifts in the fluorescence properties of stream DOM suggested a pronounced change in the relative proportion of allochthonous versus autochthonous material under different rainfall patterns and land uses. For example, high proportions of forestland could provide more allochthonous DOM input. This study highlights the relevance of soils and hydrological dynamics on the composition and fluxes of DOM issuing from watersheds. The composition of DOM in soils was influenced by land-use type. Precipitation patterns influenced the proportion of terrestrial versus microbial origins of DOM in surface runoff. Contributions of allochthonous, terrestrially derived DOM inputs were highest from forested landscapes.  相似文献   

威海市褚岛北部海域CDOM和COD分布特征遥感分析     

黄妙芬  王忠林  邢旭峰  陈亮  孙忠泳 《海洋技术学报》2018,(2):63-70

根据2017年7月和9月在山东威海褚岛北部海域现场测量的COD_(Mn)(Chemical oxygen demand)值和水体表观光学量,结合COMS(Communication,OceanMeteorological Satellite)上搭载的传感器GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)所提供的有色可溶性有机物(Chromophoric dissolved organic matter,CDOM)产品,利用星地同步观测数据对现有的基于遥感反射比反演CDOM的模式进行验证,确定适合该海域的CDOM浓度遥感反演模式;通过对测试海域化学需氧量与遥感反演的水体CDOM浓度相关性分析,建立利用CDOM反演COD_(Mn)的遥感模式,并将该模式应用于测试海域LANDSAT 8/OLI(Operational Land Imager)遥感图像上,获取该海域COD_(Mn)浓度专题图,基于这些专题图分析了测试海域COD_(Mn)时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)基于GOCI产品的CDOM浓度值随时间和站点动态变化大,离岸越近数值越高,同一地点水体前后相差近1 h的数值变化也较大;(2)基于LANDSAT 8/OLI遥感数据反演的COD_(Mn)浓度时间动态变化大,总体来看褚岛附近水体的COD_(Mn)含量相对较低,褚岛以北海域水体COD_(Mn)含量有所增加,褚岛西侧水体的COD_(Mn)含量较东侧水体COD_(Mn)含量来说整体偏高。  相似文献   

土壤样品镉同位素分析中Cd与Sn有效分离方法的改进     

段桂玲  段瑞春  谭娟娟  顾涛  邵长生  路韬 《岩矿测试》2016,35(1):10-16

保证Cd的高回收率以及彻底的Sn干扰去除是获得精确镉同位素组成的前提,目前报道的多种Cd分离与纯化方法获得的Cd回收率有较大差异(42.6%~99.8%),且去除Sn干扰的效果也不同(去除率在87.8%~97.4%之间),Cd回收率和Sn去除率均不理想。本文对前人报道的分离方法进行对比实验,发现0.1 mol/L氢溴酸-0.5 mol/L硝酸是分离Cd和Sn的有效试剂,增加该组混合酸的用量可淋洗出样品中更多的Sn且不会损失Cd,当混合酸的淋洗用量增加至30 mL时,Sn的淋洗率达到99.8%以上,Cd的回收率亦达到99.0%±0.5%,可满足土壤样品镉同位素的测定要求。本工作为获得高精度的镉同位素组成奠定了基础,为研究土壤环境中镉的污染来源提供了技术手段。  相似文献   

宜良地热田水化学特征分析与研究     

张艳花  徐世光  巴俊杰  李晨晨  童文辉 《矿产与地质》2016,(5):837-841

水化学特征不仅应用于分析地下水水质的时空变化规律,而且还提供地下水水动力环境信息。水化学分析方法已成为对探索地热田成因、地下水补给来源等常用的研究方法。基于近些年的研究资料,综合分析热储层结构特征和水化学特征,认为宜良地热田为层状热储型中低温地热田,其热储层为震旦系灯影组。研究热储层流体的化学分布特征以及热流体的化学成分与温度的关系等,用化学温标核算了热储层温度,认为K-Mg温标更适用于中低温地热田热储温度的估算。地热水水化学特征等基本地质特征可作为地热田规划和开发的理论基础。  相似文献   

兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带沉积物主成分的含量与空间分布研究     

唐坤  王学求  迟清华 《地球学报》2016,37(6):733-744

选取兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带上沉积物的SiO_2、Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO、Na_2O、K_2O、TFe_2O_3、FeO、TiO_2、MnO、P_2O_5、CO_2、H_2O~+、pH十四个指标,研究其在不同二级构造单元、地理景观、土壤类型、降雨量等级下的含量与空间分布特征,并讨论该地球化学走廊带上化学蚀变指数。结果表明:在兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带上,作为沉积物主体的SiO_2、Al_2O_3两者含量为明显负相关而空间分布表现出此消彼长的特征;CaO、MgO、CO_2高含量分布区则与碳酸盐岩地层或含碳酸盐矿物的土壤有关,而MgO的高含量还与走廊带上镁铁质基性-超基性岩有一定关系,表明了这三个指标的高含量受特定岩性或矿物的影响较大;Na_2O、K_2O含量除了受继承的基岩影响外,还受到后期的风化作用和气候及自身地球化学性质等复杂因素综合影响,对Na_2O来说尤为如此;TFe_2O_3、MnO、TiO_2、P_2O_5相对于在地质背景复杂地段,经过冲积平原的沉积物混匀后,含量差异更小;相对干冷的内蒙古半干旱草原的气候条件有利于FeO存在,使得其相对燕山地区含量差异较TFe_2O_3要小,在章丘以南相对温暖湿润地区更易被氧化而导致其含量整体较低;北方干冷气候条件下,沉积物H_2O~+含量普遍较低,局部高含量位于碳酸盐岩地层或第四系分布区;走廊带上的pH值反映了沉积物偏碱性的特征,而在章丘以南的地区随着降雨量的增加,相对温暖湿润的气候条件,沉积物pH值表现为中性-偏弱酸性;兴蒙造山带—华北克拉通地球化学走廊带沉积物的CIA值反映出在寒冷、干燥气候条件下低等的化学风化程度,兴蒙造山带沉积物平均风化程度相对华北克拉通沉积物的平均风化程度差异变化相对要小,显示兴蒙造山带的降雨量与温度等风化影响因素变化较小。作为反映元素的地球化学亲和性的量化指标,离子电位可以更好地帮助理解沉积物元素的含量和空间分布差异。  相似文献   

新疆博格达山北麓白杨河剖面页岩地球化学特征及其地质意义     

赵仕华 《岩石矿物学杂志》2016,35(2):255-264

通过博格达山北麓白杨河剖面芦草沟组页岩的地球化学特征的综合研究,讨论了芦草沟组页岩的元素富集特征和沉积环境以及源区物源特征和构造背景。结果表明:1研究区页岩P元素极为富集,这受控于页岩中凝灰质火山灰夹层的广泛发育;2对比于世界页岩微量元素分布,白杨河页岩相对富集Li、B、Pr、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm和Lu元素,其他元素相对亏损;3白杨河剖面页岩地化参数揭示芦草沟组自下而上气候由温湿向干热转变,进而引起水体由淡水向咸水的转变和还原程度的进一步加强;4物源区遭受低级-中等风化程度,物源类型主要为长英质火成岩,其次为铁镁质火成岩;5物源区大地构造背景以大陆岛弧-活动大陆边缘构造背景为主。  相似文献